Scientific Writing And Research Communication 2022/2023

1) SCIENTIFIC WRITING -  This part of the course is not a conventional English language course but an English for Specific Purposes (ESP) series of lectures and workshop. The aim is to make the students aware of the importance of dealing with language as discourse and not as a set of rules; after all, communication has, simultaneously, a structural, functional and discoursal level. By the end of the course, students are expected to be able to identify and produce the various parts of the manuscript. Analysis of the inner semantic connections between sections, paragraphs and sentences that determine the overall texture.

2) RESEARCH COMMUNICATION – Students will learn how to use official web sites to achieve scientific results officially recognized by the scientific community. They will use their own tablet and other devices to connect themselves to the National Library in Bethesda, Maryland, the temple of all data published worldwide. Students will become acquainted with bibliographic search, collect information and use it to write abstracts and other scientific editing. Teamwork and/or individual training on particular topics provided by the teacher. An informal evaluation will be carried out during the last class session. 

3) BIOETHICS AND HUMAN EXPERIMENTATION - The potential of human experimentation has increased enormously in the last decades with the advancement and specialization of technology: in the fields of genetics, molecular biology, pharmacology, biochemistry, physics, functional imaging. But the rapid progress of the experimental and clinical research in biomedical sciences, raise several ethical dilemma that physicians have to resolve dealing their clinical activity. The experimental research on human being, in the middle of the twentieth century started to be regulated by principles and lows in various part of the world (Nuremberg Code 1947; Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948). The most famous and still current code of professional ethics is the Declaration of Helsinki of 1964, which has been revised several times (last revision was in 2008) to address new scientific and ethical problems that arose. Therefore the regulation of human experimentation is one important matter defining the end, the subject, and the condition of experimentation itself: essential is to clarify if the end if therapeutic or not, for subjects to distinguish the sick, foetus, prisoner etc, and for conditions to consider freedom, informed or presumed consent. Therefore, in pharmacological experimentations, preceded by a scientific knowledge and followed by laboratory studies and confirmation, the validation process is completed through experimentation on the recipient for whom is intended: the man itself. This is the main path to achieve the “good” of the patient. Clinical Drug Trials: - Experimentation is necessary; - The technical meaning of pharmacological experimentation; - History, practice and legislation ( The Nuremberg Code, Helsinki Declaration); - International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research involving Human Subjects: European directives (2012); Decrees and circulars of the Italian Ministry of Health; Ethics of human experimentation (the fundamental ethical values); - Function of Ethical Committee.

4) PATENT & COPYRIGHT  - What a patent is, the importance of patenting: a resource to enhance, the life of a patent; - Exercise: How to write a patent - Technology Transfer: Clinical & Biomedical Innovation - Exercise: How to write a preliminary form - IP & Other Forms of Protection: CONFERENCE