Human Anatomy 2014/2015

Bacheca » Program Of Human Anatomy For The Degree In Pharmacy

Program of Human Anatomy for the degree in Pharmacy

The course will be hold during both semesters of the first year, 10 credits.

COORDINATOR from 2014-2015: prof. Pellegrino Rossi

AIMS of the course of Human Anatomy:

The aim of the corse of human anatomy is to guide the pharmacy student into the study of the human body and of the critical steps of embryonal development, with special attention to the morpho-functional correlations. These are necessary pre-requisites for the understanding of physiology, patho-physiology and of the interaction of chemical compounds with tissues and organs, necessary knowledge equipment of a pharmacist. To this end, special attention will be given to the study of the microscopic anatomy of tissues and organs and to the study of neuroanatomy. On the other end the essential elements of gross and topographic anatomy of toraco-abdominal organs will be given.

ORGANIZATION of the course of Human Anatomy

The course will be  divided in two separate partial topics:

1^st semester: Histology and Locomotor System (prof. Marco Barchi,)

2^nd semester: Neuroanatomy/Cardiovascular System/Splanchnology (prof. Pellegrino Rossi).

 FIRST PART: HISTOLOGY AND LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM (4 credits):

CONCEPTS OF EMBRYOGENESIS AND ORGANOGENESIS:Fertilization, cleavage, blastulation, gastrulation, formation of the embryonal layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm), formation of the embryonal cavityes (intraembryonic coeloma). Development of individual systems: mechanism of formation and partecipation of embryonal layers to the development of integumental, glandular, muscolo-skelatal, nervous, vascular, alimentary, respiratory, urinary and reproductive systems. Organization levels of human body. METHODS IN HISTOLOGY: Histology and method of study.Preparation of tissues, light microscopy, electron microscopy, scanning microscopy, fluorescent microscopy, confocal microscopy, bright field microscopy. Detection methods using electrostatic staining specific interaction (immunofluorescence, immunohystochemistry).  EPITHELIA TISSUE: basal membrane and basal lamina (kidney glomerule), intracellular adhesion and Gap junctions, microvilli, cilia, classification of covering lining epithelia and their characteristics, skin, glandular epithelia (exocrine glands and endocrine glands). CONNECTIVE TISSUE: cells fibers and ground substance of the connective tissue. Connective tissues: embryonic (Mesenchyme and mucous) Adult (areolar, dense irregular, dense regular, specialized reticular and adipose). Adipose tissue white and brown. Cartilage (Hyaline, Elastic, Fibrocartilage). Bone: osteoblast osteocytes, osteoclasts, bone matrix, periostium and endostium. Type of bone (primary, compact lamellar and spongy bone). Ossification (intramembranous and endochondral) bone growth and remodelling, metabolic role of the bone, joints growth and structure. NERVE TISSUE: neurons (property and structure), membrane potential, synaptic communication, glial cells. BLOOD: functions, composition physical characteristics, plasma and serum, notes on hematopoiesis, red blood cellsblood group systems, granulocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes (structure and general function in the immune response), platlets. Lymph and lymph nodes. MUSCLE TISSUE: skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle. SKELETON: general organization of the axial and appendicular skeleton, joints structure and classification, movements. SKELETON MUSCLES: generalities, muscles of mastication, muscle of the tongue, anterior muscle of the neck, muscle that position the pectoral girdle, muscle that move the arm, principal muscle moving the forearm (biceps brachii, triceps brachii), movements of the ribs during respiration, respiratory muscles (diaphragm, external and internal intercostal muscles, scalene muscles).

SECOND  PART: NEUROANATOMY, CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM AND SPLANCHNOLOGY (6 credits):

Knowledge of the essential morphological characteristics of the the Nervous System, of the Cardiovascular Apparatus and of the visceral organs, including digestive, urinary, reproductive, respiratory and endocrine systems (Splanchnology). The studies of these systems will include the cellular and functional level, using both a systematic and a regional (i.e.topographic, radiological, surgical) approach for the study of these essential elements of the human body. The student will learn the most important informations about Neuroanatomy, Cardiovascular System and Splanchnology that deal with the examination of the patient, the understanding of clinical symptoms, and the rational approach to medical therapy. The students will also acquire the knowledge of how the structural organization of the nervous, cardiovascular, digestive, respiratory, urinary, reproductive and endocrine Systems is achieved in the course of human embryonic development.

SUGGESTED TEXTBOOKS:

1) Martini Timmons: Human Anatomy

or 2) Tortora: Human Anatomy

or 3) Gray's Basic Anatomy

and (integration for Histology) 4) Anthony L. Mescer: Junqueira’s Basic Histology.